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(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

A. P. M. GORNAND.

MORSE TRANSMITTER.

No. 511,234. Patented Dec. 19, 1893.

V will"! 2 Sheets-Sheet 2,

FL MN A. P. M. CORNAND.

MORSE TRANSMITTER Patented Dec. 19, 1893.

m f -H Glam/W (NO Model.)

UNITED STATES PA ENT OFFICE.

ALBERT FRANCQISllIARIE CORNAND, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, ASSIGNOR OFONE-HALF TO Vt. T. BARNARD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MORSE T RANSMlTTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 511,234, dated December19, 1893.

Application filed May 29, 1889. Serial No. 312,574. (No model-l .770 aZZwhom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT FRANCOIS MARIE CORNAND, a subject of the Kingof Belgium, residing at Brussels, Belgium, have inven ted certain newand useful Improvements in Morse Transmitters, of which the following isa specification. My invention relates to automatic telegrapltransmitters of that general class in which a simple depression of a keyor lever causes the proper number of dots, dashes and spaces, or otherelements of a code, to make any particular letter, character or signalto loo-automatically transmitted without further action on the partofthe operator.

The object of my invention is to produce a simple and effective meanswhich shall be cheap in construction and at the same time capable ofoperating efiectively and rapidly, and Ihave shown it as applied to asetof key levers arranged substantially like the similar levers in theordinary typewriter in general use, although, of course, it may beapplied to other forms and constructions without departing from theprinciples of my invention. In this way not only is a skilled operatoronabled to transmit signals rapidly, but an unskilled operator can sendsignals that can be understood, and the whole operation can be carriedthrough with less fatigue and exertion than in the ordinary transmissionwith the Morse key.

To these ends my invention consists in a construction and arrangement ofparts substantially as pointed out hereinafter.

- designating marks corresponding with-the signals to be sent,preferably both in the usual form or character, and in the correspondingcode signal. The rear portion of each of these levers terminates in aprojection 0 haying the general outline of an arc, and 1n the are areformed spaces of varying lengths and arrangements corresponding to thecode signals. As shown in Fig". :3, the levers B are made of conductingmaterial and the code signals are formed by merely cutting out portionsof the arc shaped projection corresponding to the signal to be sent. Itis evident, however, that insulating material may be inserted into theprojection C, so that its outer surface will be flush with the same, asshown at 0 and these insulated portions will correspond with thecharacters or signals to besent, or will be so arranged as to leave theexposed portions of the metal to so correspond, depending upon whetherthe apparatus is used on aclosed or open circuit.

Mounted in a standard Dsecured to the base A isa swinging frame Ecarrying a brush or metal sheet E on its lower end,and so arranged thatwhen the frame is rocked the brush will swing over the projection G ofthe levers B. This brushis preferably separated from its holder by someinsulating material G, as rubher or t-helike, and the brush may beconnected to one portion of the line circuit, as indicated by L. Meansmay be provided for normally holding the brush in its forward position,as bya spring H and adjusting screw I. Also mounted in standards, as J,is a bar K, carrying a lever M, one portion of which extends rearwardand is connected to a bell crank lever or projection N on the frame E,and the other portion of which extends forward and is provided with arod 0 adjustably connected to the bar P.' This bar P extends beneath allthe levers B, and if desired a second bar Q may be arranged above thelevers and secured to the rod 0. Each key lever is preferably providedwith a spring R, located underneath its forward end near its pressbutton, and these springs are con nected to form one terminal of thecircuit of the battery X.

Such being the general construction and arrangement of the parts, theoperation may be described as follows: \Vhen any particular key isdepressed its corresponding key lever is vibrated upon its axis, causingthe are shaped projection G to be raised, as indicated in Fig. 2, abovethe level of the other key levers, and this same movement of the leverdepresses the bar P, and with it the rod 0, causing the lever M to hevibrated, and this, by means of the connection shown,

IOC

moves the brush Fever the face of the are shaped projection, causing thecircuit to open and close in accordance with the insulated or cut awayportions in the arc of this particular lever, and thus producing aregular telegraphic signal made up of the vnecessary dots, dashes,spaces or other characters to produce the desired effect on thereceiving instrument. As soon as the lever is released the retractingspring causes the brush to assume its normal position, and this actionmay be aided by the bar Q arranged above the levers, if desired. It willthus be seen that electric contact'between the brush and the are shapedprojection will only take place during, or immediately after, thedepression of the key, and that there is no danger of mutilatingthesignal by contact in the backward movement of the brush.

vIn order to prevent an accidental signal or impulse being sent, it, perchance, the brush should strike the rear end of the lever after havingmade its sweep across the insulated portions, I cover or protectthe'rear end of the levers B with insulating material S; or the samepurpose may be accomplished by applying insulating material 3 to thefront portion of the brush, so :that electriccontact will only beobtained in its rearward sweep across the projection.

In the diagram Fig. 3, I have illustrated an arrangementof my device incircuit, and have indicated a modification, in which the apparatus canbe used on the ordinary closed circuit. In this construction-the brush Fis provided witha spring f-extending upward and normally resting incontact with an adjusting screw 6 the insulated connection betweenthe-brush and holder E in this case being flexible. so that the brushcomes in contact'with the are shaped projection, the brush is tiltedsufficiently to break the contact between the springf and the screw 6,thus producing the signal on the receiving instrument U, the,

circuit (being closedthrough the otherbrushes and holders, as indicated.When the apparatus is used in an open circuit this additional spring andcontact are not necessary.

In Fig. 4 I have indicated an equivalent construction of the are shapedportion of the lovers especially adapted for use on long lines or wheregreat speed is desired. The spaces vin the projections O are filled withblocks 0 of metal or other'conducting material each block beinginsulated from the le ver and all are electrically connected to one poleof the battery X used for sending the true signals the other beingconnected to the levers as before. In this way when the'brush sweepsover the are a reversal of the current will take place after each signalis sent to line and when the lever is at rest no current will -be sent.

If it is desired to have a constant current When the key lever is raisedor a closed circuit the 'fOllll .shown in Fig. 5 may be used withadvantage. In this the brush f is used in connection with an additionalcontact point g,whioh is insulated from its carrier and connected to oneside-orpole of the battery X the other pole being connected to the pine. It will be seen that the spring f makes contact with one or the otherof the pins eor 9 according as the brush bears upon the are or not andthe signals are sent and the current reversed each time while thecircuit is practically closed.

It will thus be seen that I produce an exceedingly simple apparatus,which can be operated bythose unskilled in the art of telegraphy, andmessages can be transmitted rapidly and accurately with the expenditureof verylittle force.

What I claim is 1. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination with aseries of key levers, each key being provided with a projection havinginsulated portions on its face, of a brush arranged toswing back andforth over the projections, electrical connections between the leversand brush and mechanical connections between the brush and the levers,whereby the brush is operated :by anyone of the levers, substantially asdescribed.

2. In a telegraph transmitter, the combination with a seriesof keylevers, each having are shaped projections at one end provided withinsulated portions, of a pivotedbrushar- I ranged to vibrate above theare shaped projections, a lever connected with said brush andconnections between the lever andeach of the key levers, wherebythebrush may be vibrated on the depression of anyone of the keylevers,-substantially .as described.

3. The combination with a series of key levers connectedsto one terminalof the circuit,and-each having a projection provided with insulatedspaces, a pivoted frame, a metallic brush carried by the frame, flexibleinsulating material between the brush and frame, and a spring connectedto the brush and normally making contact withthe frame, substantially asdescribed.

4. The combination with a series of key levers connected-to one terminalof a circuit, and each-provided with a projection having insulatedspaces, of a vibrating frame, a metallic brush connected therewith, alever connected to the frame, a bar extendingbelow the key leversandconnected to said'lever, and a retracting spring, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name tothisspecification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOHN R. GEARY, EUGENE GRAY.

